Van Loon had criticized secret societies and the practice of cross-burning, but not the “100 percent Americanism” ideology, nor the interracial and intraracial violence of the KKK. Van Loon was not an anti-racist agitator, and had even allowed the KKK to hold meetings in his church. The case of Van Loon reflects, in ways that conventionally defined lynching images do not, the intraracial violence that was integral to white supremacist terror and dominance. Intrarracial violence-white supremacist violence against whites-was a significant threat to whites in both the Jim Crow South and the North. In July 1924, Oren Van Loon, a white minister in Michigan, posed for a news photographer, who focused his lens on the letters “KKK” branded into Van Loon’s back.
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